leopard 2 afghanistan
The Qatari government is interested in buying up to 200 Leopard 2 tanks from KMW. Whether or not the deal will take place depends in part on an approval from the German, The Saudi Arabian government is seeking to buy Leopard 2A7s (total of 600-800 desired). By September 2007, 20 Leopard 2A6’s on loan from the German Bundeswehr, upgraded to 2A6M standard of enhanced mine protection, were in service in Afghanistan, along with two Leopard 2 Büffel armoured recovery vehicles. [33] Though originally planned to be up-gunned to the L55 for consistency with the 2A6M CAN, the longer barreled guns (optimized for tank-vs-tank warfare) were found to be less than ideal in Afghanistan, therefore it was decided to retain the L44. The PERI-R 17 A2 is a stabilised panoramic periscope sight designed for day / night observation and target identification, and it provides an all round view with a traverse of 360°. “The Taliban have been engaged with some of the new Leopard II tanks in several ambushes” and that as a result the Taliban “learned some very harsh lessons” and lost the battle in question “very quickly and very violently.”[22]. The new tanks all have turret electric drive. [26] On 26 February 2008, a Danish Leopard 2 was hit by an explosive device, damaging one track. A Greek trial found that moving Leopard 2s and Abramses hit a 2.3-meter target nineteen and twenty times out of twenty, respectively, while a Soviet T-80 scored only eleven hits. Perang Afghanistan. In Afghanistan, the snow leopard can be found in the Wakhan Corridor, near the country’s border with China and Tajikistan, where the Hindu Kush mountain range starts. These vehicles had increased armour protection on the front of the hull. The Leopard 2 is often compared to its near contemporary, ... commanders for their mobility and providing accurate and timely fire support during major combat operations in southern Afghanistan. The 170 tanks were to be delivered between 2006 and 2009. [6][14] The Renk HSWL 354 transmission has 4 forward, 2 reverse gears with a torque converter and is completely automatic, with the driver selecting the range. And search more of iStock's library of royalty-free stock images that features Afghanistan photos available for quick and easy download. Canada has used the Leopard 2 in Afghanistan, where it loaned around 20 tanks from Germany, which were then upgraded to the 2A6M standard. The first export customer were the Netherlands which received 445 vehicles between July 1981 and July 1986. The KWS III was not adopted then, but development continued on the 140 mm weapon system, with Rheinmetall coordinating with Royal Ordnance from the UK and GIAT from France. Furthermore the upgrade included the fitting of filler openings and caps to the forward hull fuel tanks to allow separate refuelling, as well as the addition of a deflector plate for the periscope and a large coverplate to protect the existing NBC protection system. The C-2 MEXAS with the mine ploughs, mine rollers and the dozers were used alongside the Leopard 2's, until a bracket was installed for the Leopard 2A6M to mount them. A number of minor modifications and the installation of the gunner's thermal sight[1] was worked into the second batch of 450 vehicles Leopard 2 designated the A1; 248 by Krauss-Maffei (Chassis Nr. [6] The power pack can be changed in the field in 35 minutes. This new variant Leopard 2 PSO (Peace Support Operations) is designed specially for urban warfare, which had been encountered in peacekeeping operations with increasing frequency. [6] The engine and transmission is separated from the crew compartment through a fireproof bulkhead. Both types can easily destroy most Russian-built tanks at medium and long ranges, at which they are unlikely to be penetrated by return fire from standard 125-millimeter guns. Another had its turret blown clean off. [6] Swedish Leopard 2s utilize French GALIX smoke dispensers, similar to the system found on the French Leclerc. "The Spanish Leopard 2E: A Magnificent Tool". KMW also took into consideration the experience of the Canadian and Danish armed forces, which have already successfully deployed the LEOPARD 2 in Afghanistan. 80 l/75 km, ca. Tank Leopard 2 sempat ikut terlibat dalam kontak senjata di kosovo ayang diawali dengan serangan 2 milisi Serbia yang menyerang pos jaga KFOR yang dijaga dengan Leopard 2. 6 large belts hold him in the right position. [48] It can fire programmable HE munition and the turret mounted MG3 has been replaced with a stabilized FLW 200 remotely controlled weapon station. By contrast, more modern Leopard 2s have seen quite a bit of action in Afghanistan combating Taliban insurgents in the service of the Canadian 2A6Ms (with enhanced protection against mines and even floating “safety seats”) and Danish 2A5s. The Leopard 2E is a derivative of the 2A6, with greater armour protection,[47] developed under a program of co-production between the defence industries of Spain and Germany but without most of its advanced features(It has no AMAP and MEXAS). These armour modules defeat a hollow charge prior to reaching the base armour. The Danish tank unit, drawn from the first battalion of the Jydske Dragonregiment (Jutland Dragoons Regiment),[23] was equipped with three tanks and one M113 armoured personnel carrier, with an armoured recovery vehicle and another tank kept in reserve. The "Hel" stands for "Hellenic". March 10/09: Canada’s Globe and Mail newspaper reports that 80 of the 100 new Leopard 2 tanks [the Leopard 2A4s] remain in storage, over a year after the formal contract with the Netherlands, 18 months after the first Leopard 2A6s were shipped to Afghanistan, and over 2 years after the initial agreement in principle. Foss, Christopher F (2007-08-08). In February 2017, German-Turkish dual-citizen Deniz Yücel, a correspondent for periodical Die Welt, was arrested by Turkish authorities, ostensibly for being a pro-Kurdish spy. The US Army reported that the Leopard 2 and the XM1 were comparable in firepower and mobility, but the XM1 was superior in armour protection. Bergepanzer BPz3 Büffel (Gr. The Leopard 2A4M CAN is the upgraded Canadian version of the Leopard 2A4 acquired from the Royal Netherlands Army surplus. While the Leopard 2 is in service with eighteen countries, including many NATO members, a lucrative Saudi bid for between four hundred and eight hundred Leopard 2s was rejected by Berlin because of the Middle Eastern country’s human-rights records, and its bloody war in Yemen in particular. ", http://web.archive.org/web/20080416181639/http://www.sfu.ca/casr/bg-leopard2-afghan.htm, "Letter of Interest: Tank Replacement Project", http://www.merx.com/English/SUPPLIER_Menu.Asp?WCE=Show&TAB=1&PORTAL=MERX&State=7&id=PW-%24%24BL-225-16850&FED_ONLY=0&hcode=pdldErIx17TWSULPr3KQEg%3d%3d, http://greekmilitary.net/greekmbtanks.htm, "Rheinmetall to supply Kodiak armoured engineer vehicles to Sweden and the Netherlands", http://www.rheinmetall.de/index.php?fid=2021&lang=3, http://www.janes.com/extract/jdw2007/jdw34244.html, "Patria Land & Armament Heavy Mine Breaching Vehicle (Finland)", http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jmvl/jmvla084.html, KMW delivers first LEOPARD 2 A6M to Canada, "Canadian Forces Armour—Armoured Recovery Vehicle 3 (Büffel)", http://web.archive.org/web/20080414202920/http://www.sfu.ca/casr/101-army-armour-arv3-buffel.htm, "Ottawa to buy old German tanks as spare parts for Afghan mission", http://web.archive.org/web/20080530151749/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2008/02/20/mackay-tanks.html, "Sale of surplus Leopard 2 Battle Tanks to Canada", http://www.vtg.admin.ch/internet/vtg/en/home/dokumentation/news/newsdetail.37618.nsb.html, http://www.deutschesheer.de/portal/a/heer/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLNzSLtzAIA8lB2c76kXDRoJRUfW99X4_83FT9AP2C3IhyR0dFRQBALId7/delta/base64xml/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS80SVVFLzZfMTZfOEkw?yw_contentURL=%2FC1256F870054206E%2FW278YGGV502INFODE%2Fcontent.jsp, "Financial Report of the Danish Defense Ministry", http://www.folketinget.dk/img20031/udvbilag/lib2/20031_23282/20031_23282.pdf, http://www.geopowers.com/Machte/Deutschland/Rustung/Rustung_2007/BwPlan_2008_dok.pdf, "DefenseNews.com: Singapore to buy refurbished Leopard tanks from Germany", http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?F=2416170&C=asiapac, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwXQAfcQzGM&feature=related, http://www.defensie.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/04/08/46180709/Defensie_hard_getroffen_door_bezuinigingen_video, "Indonesia Pulls Out of Dutch Tanks Deal", http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/indonesia-pulls-out-of-dutch-tanks-deal/528362, http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/11/12/army-receives-rp-14t-purchase-european-weaponry.html, http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/03/06/the-dutch-told-decide-leopard-sale-end-march.html, http://indonesiandefense.blogspot.com/2012/05/30-tank-leopard-jerman-siap-ke-jakarta.html, "Katar will 200 Leopard 2-Panzer von Deutschland kaufen", http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/katar-will-200-leopard-2-panzer-von-deutschland-kaufen-a-846966.html, "Milliardengeschäft: Deutsche Kampfpanzer nach Saudi-Arabien? [34] Of the remaining ex-Dutch Leopards, Canada will upgrade 42 for training use (though whether they will be fully upgraded to 2A4M CAN standards is uncertain) and convert 18 to Armoured Engineering Vehicles (13 firm and 5 options). A year later, a choice was made for it to be based on the earlier Experimentalentwicklung (later named Keiler) project of the late sixties (itself derived from the vergoldeter Leopard or "gilded Leopard"), instead of being a modified MBT-70 or Eber. ISSN, Candil, Antonio (1 February 2007). [31] The modification significantly improves protection through the addition of the Leopard 2A6M's mine protection kit, thicker armour on the front glacis, and a turret equipped with a Swiss-developed armour package using titanium alloy. The tank has the ability to engage moving targets while moving over rough terrain. Design and features of the Leopard 2A7+ main battle tank. The Leopard 2 first saw combat in Kosovo with the German Army and has also seen action in Afghanistan with the Danish and Canadian contributions to the International Security Assistance Force. [14] An enhanced version of the EuroPowerPack, with a 1,650 hp (1230 kW) MTU MT883 engine has also been trialled by the Leopard 2. [6] 27 rounds of the main gun ammunition are stored in a special magazine in the forward section of the hull, to the left of the driver's station, with an additional 15 rounds stored in the left side of the turret bustle, and separated from the fighting compartment by an electrically operated door. The German Army has prioritized mobility in its Leopard 2 which is considered the fastest MBT in existence.[15]. However, Turkish troops fighting the terrorist group Daesh in northern Syria have had a different experience. The vehicles were manufactured from October 1979 until March 1982, altogether 380 vehicles. However, German-Turkish relations deteriorated sharply, especially after Erdogan initiated a prolonged crackdown on thousands of supposed conspirators after a failed military coup attempt in August 2016. Hull twenty was fitted with simulation weights; later it was discovered that these equalled only the weight of a turret without armour modules fitted, invalidating all performance data. Today we know this was true as regards a hit by a hollow charge; but against KE-attack the Leopard 2 was almost twice as well protected as the original M1 (650 mm to 350 mm). The Leopard 2 is equipped with two machine guns, one mounted co-axially, the other on an anti-aircraft mount. The Leopard 2A6M CAN is a Canadian variant of the Leopard 2A6M but without most of its advanced features(It has no AMAP and MEXAS). The Leopard 2A4M CAN is specially designed for the war in Afghanistan based on experience gained by Leopard 2 operators and a lot of first-hand knowledge from crews aided in the development of this new version. The program was developed within the frame of collaboration decided in 1995 between the Defence Ministries of both countries, in which also was included the cession of use by a period of five years of 108 Leopard 2A4 from the German Army to the Spanish Army. In early July 2011, German press reported that the. The Leopard 2A5 DK is a variant of the Leopard 2A5 similar to the Leopard 2A6 with some small modifications, used by the Danish Army. The Pz 87-140[32] is an experimental variant of the Swiss Pz 87 with a 140 mm gun and an additional armour later used on the newer production variants. "The Danish Leopard 2A5" tells the story of the Leopard 2A5 main battle tank in use with the Danish Army. Though a few were damaged by mines, all were put back into service, though a Danish Leopard 2 crew member was mortally injured by an IED attack in 2008. The standard fire control system found on the Leopard 2 is the German EMES 15 fire control system with a dual magnification stabilized primary sight it is very much advanced than other fire control system. More than 3,480 Leopard 2s have been manufactured. Even as the Leopard 1 was entering service in 1965, an up-gunned version with the new Rheinmetall L44 120 mm gun was being considered to keep pace with newer Soviet designs, but this was cancelled in favour of the MBT-70 \"super-tank\" project developed jointly with the United States. All the older models were also upgraded to 2A4 standard. 10459 to 10623) and 135 by MaK (Chassis Nr. 20510 to 20644) was delivered between December 1984 and December 1985. [23] It also has a conventional driver's seat bolted on the floor of the tank, wherereas in the Canadian 2A6M (as part of the mine-protection package) the driver's seat has been replaced by a "Dynamic Safety Seat",[25] which is a parachute-harness like arrangement that the driver wears around his hip. Military Technology (Mönch Editorial Group), p.66. Jerchel, Michael; Uwe Schnellbacher (1998). Army Vehicles Armored Vehicles Canadian Army Military Armor Military Pictures Armored Fighting … Sweden also acquired 280 Leopards, 160 2A4s from German stocks, designated Stridsvagn 121, and the rest Leopard 2(S) models (designated Stridsvagn 122) similar in configuration to the Leopard 2A5 variant. Their habitat spans across twelve nations and 2 million square kilometers. There were also some improvements in the main armour composition. The Leopard 2 beats all other tanks in every aspects according to tests. A Danish Leopard 2A5 hit an IED in Helmand Province. In September 1977, the German Ministry of Defence decided to go ahead with plans for production of 1,800 Leopard 2s, to be delivered in five batches. It is equipped with a machine gun for local self-defence, a smoke grenade launcher, and NBC protection. nationalinterest.org • 1d. Average: ca. The Leopard 2A6M CAN Tank, is a Canadian variant of the Leopard 2A6 Tank. Leopard 2 is a main battle tank developed by Krauss-Maffei, now Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW), of Munchen, Germany. However, it appears to have met its match in Russian anti-tank weapons and in insurgent suicide bombers. A document published online listed ISIS as apparently having destroyed ten of the supposedly invincible Leopard 2s; five reportedly by antitank missiles, two by mines or IEDs, one to rocket or mortar fire, and the others to more ambiguous causes. To cope with the extra weight of the main gun, counterweights were added to the turret rear. Whether such an understanding ever existed is hotly contested, but the fact remains that the Leopard 2 was kept well away from the Kurdish conflict and instead deployed in northern Turkey, opposite Russia. p. p. 10. For use in icy ground, up to 18 rubber pads can be replaced by the same number of grousers, which are stored in the vehicle's bow when not in use. The Abrams has achieved some of its extraordinary offensive and defensive capabilities through use of depleted uranium ammunition and armor packages—technologies politically unacceptable to the Germans. The Leopard 2A4 is very similar to the American M1 and these were the first combat losses for the Leopard 2. Perang Afghanistan merupakan salah satu medan tempur dimana Leopard 2 pernah ditugaskan. The Leopard 2A7+ battle tank is built based on the Leopard 2 MBT and employs digitised technology and multifunctional user concept for improved sustainability. Furthermore, they have better sights with superior thermal imagers and magnification, that make them more likely to detect and hit the enemy first—historically, an even greater determinant of the victor in armored warfare than sheer firepower. The procurement system caught up with events in June 2009 with the approval of the Tank Replacement Project. After an initial assessment of the performance of the Leopard C2 in Afghanistan, Canada decided to invest in Leopard 2 tanks. In tests until March 1977 it was found to be far superior to the 105 mm L7 mounted on the Abrams, which was confirmed by subsequent NATO tank gunnery contests. 10624 to 10788) and 135 by Mak (Chassis Nr. Carl Schulze takes an in-detail look at the first MBTs deployed to Afghanistan. His detention caused outrage in Germany. Krauss-Maffei was again chosen as the main contractor, but this time Maschinenbau Kiel (MaK), of Kiel would be a major (45%) subcontractor. Key point: The Leopard 2 is a very good tank. In one case, Canadian forces managed to drive a Leopard through a massive Taliban bomb blast and survive. [6] The bore evacuator and the gun's thermal sleeve of the A4 and A5, designed to regulate the temperature of the barrel, are fabricated out of glass-reinforced plastic. Turkish defense commentators expressed the hope that the tougher Leopard would fare better. Ammunition load for the main gun was 32 rounds, which were stored in a large ammunition bunker, covering the full turret rear. Switzerland operated 380 Pz 87 tanks. In the early 2000s, under a more favorable political climate, Berlin sold 354 of its retired Leopard 2A4 tanks to Ankara. The Swiss ordered 35 tanks on 24 August 1983 and started license production of 345 additional vehicles in December 1987. The components of the LEOPARD 2 PSO are so designed that all LEOPARD 2s that … The tank first entered service in 1979 and succeeded the earlier Leopard 1 as the main battle tank of the German Army. Includes the addition of the Rheinmetall 120 mm L55 smoothbore gun and a number of other changes. Danish Leopard 2’s are still serving in ISAF and are planned to remain there until the withdrawal of British and NATO troops. [35] According to the Turkish news sources, Finland is interested in getting the Turkish upgrade package to modernize their fleet of Leopard 2A4s.[36][37][38]. The vehicle was towed to FOB Attal and then later to FOB Armadillo for investigation and possible redeployment. The tank interior received spall liners to reduce fragments if the armour is penetrated. Upgrades include new electronics, sighting and information systems meant to elevate the Leopard 2A4's networking capability to be equal to that of the Leopard 2A6, a new suspension system and the upgrading of the tanks main gun to the L55 smoothbore cannon used on the Leopard 2A6. Four 9 kg Halon fire extinguisher bottles are installed on the right behind the driver's station. Static test: 9.375 l/h, 128 hours (with 900–1,200 liters capacity). The Leopard 2 first saw combat in Kosovo with the German Army and has also seen action in Afghanistan with the Danish and Canadian contributions to the International Security Assistance Force. Work on a national development was started in 1970 by Krauss-Maffei. The Leopard 2 first saw combat in Kosovo with the German Army and has also seen action in Afghanistan with the Danish and Canadian contributions to the International Security Assistance Force. After an initial assessment of the performance of the Leopard C2 in Afghanistan, Canada decided to invest in Leopard 2 tanks. The two most notable changes were the modification of the ammunition racks to be identical to those in the M1 Abrams, and redesigned fuel filters that reduced refuelling time. This was shockingly illustrated in December 2016 when evidence emerged that numerous Leopard 2s had been destroyed in intense fighting over ISIS-held Al-Bab—a fight that Turkish military leaders described as a “trauma,” according to Der Spiegel. However, this cession was extended up to 2016, and after that those tanks will be the sole property of the Spanish Army, as has been made public on 24 January 2006, then having been paid a total of 15,124,014 euros in ten yearly installments, giving the Spanish co-ownership from 2006. Before tests had begun the United States had selected the Chrysler XM1 prototype for full development. 10211 to 10458) and 202 by Mak (Chassis Nr. [35] The old powerpack and the L/44 gun barrel are kept, but the combat weight is increased to 65 tonnes. The vehicle was able to continue 200 metres (656 ft) before it halted. German scruples also extend to arms exports, with Berlin imposing more extensive restrictions on which countries it is willing to sell weapons to—at least in comparison to France, the United States or Russia. The loaner tanks are expected to retain their German MG3 machine guns, while the ex-Dutch tanks are expected to retain their FN MAG machine guns due to commonality with existing Canadian stocks. Two Leopard 2 Büffel Armoured Recovery Vehicles were acquired at the same time. [48], As the 1990s began, Rheinmetall began developing a 140 mm smoothbore cannon as a future tank cannon. On site treatment by Danish medics could not save him. [6] If the ammunition storage area is hit, a blow-off panel in the turret roof would direct an explosion upwards away from the crew compartment. Spain first leased and later bought 108 2A4 models in the interim period before 219 license-built Leopard 2A6 models (Leopard 2E) were ready to replace them. In January 2008, Danish tanks halted a flanking maneuver by Taliban forces near the Helmand River by providing gunfire in support of Danish and British infantry from elevated positions. [6] The commander has an independent periscope, the Rheinmetall/Zeiss PERI-R 17 A2. This bring us to Turkey, a NATO country with which Berlin has important historical and economic ties, but which also has had bouts of military government and waged a controversial counterinsurgency campaign against Kurdish separatists for decades. All German tank battalions of the "crisis intervention forces" are equipped with the A6. In mid-1976 prototype 19 was assembled and shipped to the USA, together with hull number twenty and a special target vehicle to test the armour. iStock Leopard 2 On Watch Stock Photo - Download Image Now Download this Leopard 2 On Watch photo now. These represented a major upgrade over the less well protected M60 Patton tanks that make up the bulk of Turkey’s armored forces. The Danish Leopard 2A5. They had to have a maximum weight of fifty metric tons. More than 3,480 Leopard 2s have been manufactured. The Chilean Army acquired 132 Leopard 2A4s upgraded to the Leopard 2A4CHL standard (plus 8 to be used as spares) from German stocks in 2007. Canada’s LAV-III wheeled armored personnel carriers have played useful roles, using their sensor suites and 25m… The Leopard 2 is equipped with a fire protection system. To test out the weapon’s capabilities, the 140 mm gun was mounted to a Leopard 2. The Leopard 2A4M CAN is specially designed for the war in Afghanistan, based on experience gained by Leopard 2 operators. Germany’s Leopard 2 main battle tank has a reputation as one of the finest in the world, competing for that distinction with proven designs such as the American M1 Abrams and the British Challenger 2. The system components optimised to protect the vehicle crew have proven themselves among NATO partners in deployment in Afghanistan, and some appear in other variants. Gabriel presented the deal as a measure to protect Turkish soldiers’ lives from ISIS. The Dutch contingent in Bosnia-Hercegovina operated a number of Leopard 2A4s and Leopard 2A5s at the NLD bases at Bugojno, Novi Travnik and Suica. [6] An extra 2.5 kg Halon fire extinguisher is also stored on the floor beneath the main gun. [6] The Leopard 2A6M CAN increases protection against rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) by including additional slat armour. Sehingga kini, pertempuran yang dilalui Leopard 2 hanyalah semasa operasi oleh Pasukan Kosovo - KFOR di Kosovo dan kuasa Barat dalam Perperangan Afghanistan (2001–kini). The barrel has a chrome lining to increase barrel life. In October 2003, Canada was planning to replace its Leopard C2s with wheeled Stryker Mobile Gun Systems. Though Berlin publicly insisted it would never agree to such a quid pro quo, Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel quietly began moving towards authorizing the upgrade in a bid to improve relations in the face of what looks suspiciously like tank-based blackmail. The procurement system caught up with events in June 2009 with the approval of the Tank Replacement Project. The 55 ton Leopard 2A4 is a contemporary of … Equipment of the Republic of Singapore Air Force, Articles with dead external links from November 2014, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2014, Articles with Dutch-language external links, Articles needing clarification from February 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Military vehicles introduced in the 1970s, Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians), popular protests in neighboring country Bahrain, "Canada Acquires 120 Leopard 2 Tanks from German, Dutch Surplus", http://defense-update.com/newscast/0407/news/160407_leo2.htm, http://www.inetres.com/gp/military/cv/tank/Leopard2.html, "Canadian Forces Armour—Leopard 2A6M CAN Main Battle Tank", http://www.casr.ca/101-army-armour-leopard-2a6m.htm, Swedish Defence Materiel Administration: Leopard 2 - Stridsvagn 122 (Swedish), "120 mm DM 33A1 and DM 43A1 APFSDS-T rounds (Germany)", "Rheinmetall 120 mm L44 smoothbore gun (Germany)", http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jaau/jaau0021.html, http://www.rheinmetall-detec.de/index.php?fid=4113&lang=3&pdb=1, http://www.army-technology.com/projects/leopard/, http://books.google.com/books?ei=MQ6aTYLeIIiL0QHr_-WHDA&ct=result&hl=com&id=ro8YAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22main+battle+tank%22&q=leopard+&redir_esc=y#search_anchor, "Tanks for the Lesson: Leopards, too, for Canada", http://web.archive.org/web/20080621072607/http%3A//www.defenseindustrydaily.com/tanks-for-the-lesson-leopards-too-for-canada-03208/%23choices, "In to Action - Canadian Leopard C2 tanks and the TLAV M113A3s in Combat", "Canada’s new main battle tank—Leopard 2", http://web.archive.org/web/20090225074757/http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/community/mapleleaf/vol_10/vol10_27/1027_07.pdf, "Germany gets a thank-you from Canadian IED survivor", http://www.dailyheraldtribune.com/ArticleDisplay.aspx?archive=true&e=2378441, "Tank hit by IED back in service: Hillier", http://web.archive.org/web/20080530202256/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20071208.AFGHANSIDE08/TPStory/TPInternational/Asia/, "The Danish Army is Prepared to Deploy Tanks to Helmand Province", http://www.casr.ca/ft-leopard-2a5-denmark.htm, http://www.nato.int/multi/2007/071121b-afghan-stories/video/071121b-01.wmv, http://www.europaeische-sicherheit.de/Ausgaben/2008/2008_01/Umschau/2008,01,umschau.html, "Danish Leopard tanks in supporting action in Helmand Province: Can Open Government be measured by a Military Press Release?